322 research outputs found

    N011 Culture et délivrance au niveau du tissu cardiaque de cardiomyocytes issus de cellules souches embryonnaires humaines au moyen de matrices tridimensionelles poreuses à base de polysaccharides

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    Un intĂ©rĂȘt particulier a Ă©tĂ© portĂ© ces derniĂšres annĂ©es Ă  la thĂ©rapie cellulaire rĂ©paratrice cardiaque. Les cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (hES) sont une source prouvĂ©e de cardiomyocytes et les premiĂšres donnĂ©es in vivo suggĂšrent leurs capacitĂ©s fonctionnelles Ă  type d’effet pacemaker ou rĂ©paratrices d’infarctus du myocarde. Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© un mode de dĂ©livrance des cellules hES dans le tissu cardiaque basĂ© sur une matrice 3D servant de support Ă  la fois pour la culture des cellules et pour leur implantation au contact du myocarde.Des matrices poreuses de polysaccharides (pullulane et dextrane) ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©parĂ©es par rĂ©ticulation chimique permettant de rĂ©aliser des films avec des pores de 100 Ă  200 microns. Les matrices ont Ă©tĂ© recouvertes de diffĂ©rentes protĂ©ines; les cellules hES indiffĂ©renciĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es sur fibroblastes murins, en milieu supplĂ©mentĂ© avec du sĂ©rum knock-out et du FGF2. Dans une premiĂšre partie in vitro, nous avons mis en Ă©vidence par q-RT-PCR, observation microscopique et imagerie confocale, la diffĂ©renciation en cardiomyocytes de cellules hES directement cultivĂ©es dans les matrices en prĂ©sence d’un milieu inducteur de diffĂ©rentiation; les matrices permettaient aussi la culture, l’expansion et la survie Ă  long terme de parties battantes obtenues Ă  partir de corps embryoĂŻdes issus d’hES et isolĂ©es manuellement. Nous avons ensuite Ă©tudiĂ© le devenir des cellules hES dans un modĂšle de lĂ©sions cardiaques par dĂ©pĂŽt de films poreux cellularisĂ©s sur les cƓurs infarcis de souris NOD SCID. L’identification est confirmĂ©e pour les cardiomyocytes issus d’ES d’une lignĂ©e de cellules hES H9 GFP+ ainsi que d’une lignĂ©e de cellules hES dans laquelle l’expression de la GFP est sous contrĂŽle d’un promoteur spĂ©cifique du tissu cardiaque, Nkx2.5. Nous avons ainsi mis en Ă©vidence la migration des cellules ES Ă  diffĂ©rents stades de diffĂ©renciation Ă  partir des matrices 3D vers les souris NOD SCID ainsi que leur diffĂ©renciation en cardiomyocytes. Les donnĂ©es de PCR quantitative sur la base du transgĂšne GFP mettent en Ă©vidence une meilleure survie des ES dĂ©livrĂ©es par l’intermĂ©diaire des matrices 3D en comparaison avec une administration directe. Une Ă©tude fonctionnelle comparative est en cours

    MicroRNA-101 expression is associated with JAK2V617F activity and regulates JAK2/STAT5 signaling.

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    Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neopl 28 asms (MPNs) are clonal haematological diseases characterized by excessive production of mature blood cells. Exome sequencing of patient samples have showed a relatively low degree genomic complexity for these diseases1. The majority of MPN patients carry somatic mutations in the JAK2 gene, with the JAK2V617F missense mutation being the most common in poly33 cythemia vera (PV, 95%) and essential thrombocythemia (ET, 60%) 2.FP was supported by Fondazione Umberto Veronesi, and Institute Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti

    Quantitative assay for the detection of the V617F variant in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene using the Luminex xMAP technology

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The availability of clinically valid biomarkers contribute to improve the diagnosis and clinical management of diseases. A valine-to-phenylalanine substitution at position 617 (V617F) in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene has been recently associated with key signaling abnormalities in the transduction of haemopoietic growth-factor receptors and is now considered as a useful clinical marker of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Several methods have recently been reported to detect the JAK2 V617F point mutation and show variable sensitivity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using the Luminex xMAP technology, we developed a quantitative assay to detect the JAK2V617F variant. The method was based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by hybridization to specific probes coupled with internally dyed microspheres. The assay comprises 3 steps: genomic DNA extraction, end point PCR reaction, direct hybridization of PCR fragments and quantification. It has been tested with different sources of nucleic acid.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Applied to whole blood samples, this quantitative assay showed a limit of detection of 2%. A highly sensitive allele-specific primer extension reaction performed in parallel allowed to validate the results and to identify the specimens with values below 2%.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Direct hybridization assay using the Luminex xMAP technology allows sensitive quantification of JAK2V617F from blood spots. It is simple and can be easily performed in a clinical setting.</p

    Ontogenic changes in hematopoietic hierarchy determine pediatric specificity and disease phenotype in fusion oncogene-driven myeloid leukemia

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    Fusion oncogenes are prevalent in several pediatric cancers, yet little is known about the specific associations between age and phenotype. We observed that fusion oncogenes, such as ETO2–GLIS2, are associated with acute megakaryoblastic or other myeloid leukemia subtypes in an age-dependent manner. Analysis of a novel inducible transgenic mouse model showed that ETO2–GLIS2 expression in fetal hematopoietic stem cells induced rapid megakaryoblastic leukemia whereas expression in adult bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells resulted in a shift toward myeloid transformation with a strikingly delayed in vivo leukemogenic potential. Chromatin accessibility and single-cell transcriptome analyses indicate ontogeny-dependent intrinsic and ETO2–GLIS2-induced differences in the activities of key transcription factors, including ERG, SPI1, GATA1, and CEBPA. Importantly, switching off the fusion oncogene restored terminal differentiation of the leukemic blasts. Together, these data show that aggressiveness and phenotypes in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia result from an ontogeny-related differential susceptibility to transformation by fusion oncogenes. SIGNIFICANCE: This work demonstrates that the clinical phenotype of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia is determined by ontogeny-dependent susceptibility for transformation by oncogenic fusion genes. The phenotype is maintained by potentially reversible alteration of key transcription factors, indicating that targeting of the fusions may overcome the differentiation blockage and revert the leukemic state
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